Child Friendly Budgeting

                                                                               

With the introduction of the new constitution, much attention has been drawn to section 81 – children’s rights. Acknowledging children, who make up 45% of the Zimbabwe population (UNICEF, 2011), as a vulnerable demographic that requires the protection of the state is a pivotal moment in a step towards sustainable development in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe National Council for the Welfare of Children (ZNCWC) commends the government of Zimbabwe for coming to this realisation. The child rights sector subsequently hopes to envision social policy that is biased towards children.

The provisions of children’s rights in the constitution are the ideal state of children’s welfare that we want to see in Zimbabwe. Tools and other mechanisms are required in order to arrive at this end goal. One of these tools is national and council budget. A budget is considered child friendly if it enhances the welfare of children by allocating adequate financial resources to sectors of the economy that directly and indirectly affect the welfare of children.

With this said, it is important for government and council alike to adhere to the recommendations of the Abuja, Dakar and Maputo declarations that were ratified in the early 2000s. The Abuja declaration promises to allocate 15% of GDP to the health sector, the Dakar declaration promises to allocate 20% of GDP to education and finally the Maputo declaration promises to allocate 10% of GDP towards agricultural development and food security.

A trend analysis of the past five years reveals that in the recent three years education has received allocations well above the requirements of the Dakar declaration. However there has been a lag in health and food security that has been in the ranks below 10%.

There is also a difference between allocations and actual disbursements. It is important to ensure that the allocated finances be disbursed in full to the relevant ministries so as to ensure efficient service delivery for the realization of children’s rights. Hence it is our duty and responsibility as citizens of Zimbabwe to ensure that finances that are allocated are disbursed and are used solely for their intended purposes. It is also imperative to be diligent in tracking the use of these finances by analysing the performance of the budget through active participation in the budget process. This encourages a citizen’s budget that performs optimally and in transparency

Zimbabwe Consider the Best Interest of Children

One of the greatest milestones that we as Zimbabweans pride ourselves in for the year 2013 is the adoption of a home grown constitution. We all are bound by the collective duty we enshrined the new constitution to uphold the rights of children. The previous constitution did not have a section on child right despite the fact that we as a nation had signed the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC) but thanks be to the caring fathers and mothers of this country we have Section 19 and 81 in the new constitution which clearly spell out the rights of children and the obligation of all the duty bearers.

Section 19 paragraph 1 of the new Constitution states that “The State must adopt policies and measures to ensure that in matters relating to children, the best interest of the children concerned are paramount.” Matters relating to children go beyond what the sentence in the supreme law could cover in words and come down to our families, schools, work places and media. We sometimes are even afraid of discussing or addressing such issues as inheritance ,separation from parents, alternative care,  basic education for vulnerable children, supporting children living with HIV in platforms where children are to be consulted in fact we always endorse that tradition should be followed or any other guiding religious or cultural values should be imposed.

 Best interest of the child is not what many parents and guardians are afraid of; that is letting off the reigns and giving in to the ever increasing demands of the wishful and youthful demands of the child. It is important to understand that the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) article 3 paragraph 1 state that; “in all actions concerning children , whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, court of law , administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interest of the child shall be a primary consideration” This concept can only be fully applied if there are proper rights based approaches that will engage all actors to secure the wholesome integrity of the child and promote his or her human dignity.

Commenting on the rule of procedure on defining Child’s best interest, Musa Chibwana the Programs Manager at Zimbabwe National Council for the Welfare of Children (ZNCWC) ; stated that whenever a decision is to be made that will affect a specific child , an identified group of children or just children general , the decision –making process must include an evaluation of the possible impact (positive or negative) of the decision on the child or children concerned. This is an affirmation of the UNCRC General comment 14 (2013) in which the Committee agreed on the substantive right of the child’s best interest as a primary consideration. The Committee underlines that assessing the child’s best interests is a unique activity that should be undertaken in each individual case, in the light of specific circumstances of each child or group of children or children in general. Circumstances such as, inter alia, age ,sex , level of maturity, experience, belonging to a minority group , having a physical, sensory or intellectual disability, presence or absence of parents, the quality of relationship between the child and his or her family or care givers,  environmental safety and the existence of quality alternative means available to the family extended family or caregivers are some of the peculiar individual characteristics the child or children may find themselves in.

It is therefore imperative to not that the concept of the child’s best interest can be complex but should be adjusted and defined on an individual basis, according to the specific situation of the child or children concerned taking into consideration their personal context, situation and needs. In solving conflicts or in the case of divorce sometimes the authorities focus on the adults who are warring and splitting however the UNCRC General Comment 14 (2013) endorsed that in such cases attention must be placed on identifying possible solutions which are in the child’s best interests and the State has the obligation to clarify the concept especially in vulnerable situation.

It is clear that in many cases children are not able to express their interests explicitly let alone being aware of their own primary interests and this gives the duty bearers the role of safeguarding the well being of the voiceless children in cases of expression of interest as the primary consideration. It is the children’s constitutional right to be protected adequately by the courts and  in particular by the High Court as their upper guardian

Child rights and primary consideration of the best interest of the child does not dismiss the responsibility of the African child neither is it a creation of selfish and perpetually childish new crop of Africans. The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC) article 31 clearly states that every child shall have responsibilities towards his family and society, the State and other legally recognised communities and international community. Responsibilities include among many others, to work for the cohesion of the family, to respect his parents, superiors and elders at all times and to assist them in case of need. It is therefore a primary consideration to see the African child rising above all the challenges the continent may be facing and become an  epitome of strength and resilience celebrated and protected by the State, parents and guardians; and all those in involved in his or her welfare.